Creating, manipulating, and filtering pandas DataFrames is a vital skill for anyone working with data analysis or data science. DataFrames are the central data structure in pandas, and they make it easy to perform various operations such as data manipulation, filtering, and aggregation.
In this article, we will cover two essential topics in pandas: filtering DataFrames on multiple conditions, and creating DataFrames.
Filtering a Pandas DataFrame on Multiple Conditions
One of the most common operations performed on DataFrames is filtering by one or more conditions. In pandas, this can be done using the Boolean operators ‘and’ and ‘or,’ as well as by using lists of conditions.
Using ‘And’ Operator to Filter
To filter a DataFrame on multiple conditions using the ‘and’ operator, we combine the conditions we want to filter on using the ‘&’ or ‘and’ operator. For example, suppose we want to filter a DataFrame on all rows where the ‘age’ column is greater than 30 and the ‘income’ column is less than 50,000.
We can achieve this by writing:
df_filtered = df[(df['age'] > 30) & (df['income'] < 50000)]The resulting DataFrame will contain only the rows that satisfy both conditions.
Using ‘Or’ Operator to Filter
To filter a DataFrame on multiple conditions using the ‘or’ operator, we use the ‘|’ or ‘or’ operator to combine the conditions.
For example, suppose we want to filter a DataFrame on all rows where the ‘age’ column is greater than 30 or the ‘income’ column is less than 50,000. We can achieve this by writing:
df_filtered = df[(df['age'] > 30) | (df['income'] < 50000)]The resulting DataFrame will contain all rows that satisfy either condition.
Using a List to Filter
To filter a DataFrame based on a list of conditions, we can use the ‘isin’ method to select all rows whose values are in the provided list. For example, suppose we want to filter a DataFrame on all rows where the ‘gender’ column is either ‘male’ or ‘female.’ We can achieve this by writing:
df_filtered = df[df['gender'].isin(['male', 'female'])]The resulting DataFrame will contain all rows where the ‘gender’ column contains either ‘male’ or ‘female.’
Pandas DataFrame Creation
Creating a Pandas DataFrame
Creating a DataFrame in pandas is a straightforward process. We can create a DataFrame by passing a dictionary of lists or a list of lists to the DataFrame constructor.
For example, suppose we want to create a DataFrame with two columns, ‘name’ and ‘age.’ We can achieve this by writing:
import pandas as pd
data = {'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David'], 'age': [25, 30, 35, 40]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)The resulting DataFrame will contain four rows, with columns ‘name’ and ‘age.’
Example DataFrame
Here is an example DataFrame to showcase the structure of a pandas DataFrame:
import pandas as pd
data = {'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David'], 'age': [25, 30, 35, 40], 'income': [50000, 60000, 70000, 80000]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)This DataFrame has three columns, ‘name,’ ‘age,’ and ‘income,’ and four rows of data. We can use this DataFrame to perform various operations, including filtering, data manipulation, and aggregation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, filtering a pandas DataFrame on multiple conditions and creating DataFrames are fundamental skills in data analysis and data science. Pandas provides multiple methods to filter DataFrames based on conditions, including using the ‘and’ and ‘or’ operators, as well as passing a list of conditions.
Creating a DataFrame is also a simple process, and we can create DataFrames using dictionaries of lists or lists of lists. By mastering these skills, we can conduct various operations on DataFrames and gain insights from our data.
Filtering a Pandas DataFrame Based on Column Values or Conditions
Filtering a Pandas DataFrame is an essential operation when working with data. There are various ways to filter a DataFrame in pandas, including based on column values or conditions.
In this article, we will discuss in detail filtering a DataFrame based on column values and filtering a DataFrame based on conditions using multiple operators.
Filtering a DataFrame Based on Column Values
One of the most common ways to filter a DataFrame in pandas is to filter based on column values. Suppose we have a DataFrame containing information on various products, including their prices, categories, and quantities.
We might want to filter the DataFrame to show products that are in a specific category or that have a particular price range. To filter a DataFrame based on a specific column value, we can use the ‘==’, ‘!=’, ‘<', '>‘, ‘<=', or '>=’ operators to compare the column value to a specific value.
For example, if we want to filter our product DataFrame to show all products with a price greater than 20, we can execute the following code:
import pandas as pd
data = {'product': ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'pear'],
'category': ['fruit', 'fruit', 'fruit', 'fruit'],
'price': [10, 15, 25, 20], 'quantity': [100, 200, 150, 50]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df_filtered = df[df['price'] > 20]The resulting DataFrame, df_filtered, will only include products with a price greater than 20:
product category price quantity
2 orange fruit 25 150
3 pear fruit 20 50Filtering a DataFrame Based on Conditions
Sometimes we might want to filter a DataFrame based on multiple conditions using Boolean operators such as ‘And’, ‘Or’, or passing a list of conditions. Let’s see how we can apply these methods to filter a DataFrame.
Filtering a DataFrame Based on Conditions using ‘And’ Operator
To filter a DataFrame using the ‘And’ operator, we can use the ‘&’ or ‘and’ operator to combine multiple conditions. For example, suppose we have a DataFrame representing customer orders’ data, including order ID, product, quantity, and order date.
We might want to filter the DataFrame to show orders where more than ten units of the product were ordered and the order date is between 10th September 2021 and 15th September 2021.
import pandas as pd
data = {'order_id': [101, 102, 103, 104, 105],
'product': ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'pear', 'banana'],
'quantity': [5, 15, 20, 10, 25],
'order_date': ['2021-09-12', '2021-09-14', '2021-09-15', '2021-09-19', '2021-09-11']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df_filtered = df[(df['quantity'] > 10) & (df['order_date'] >= '2021-09-10') & (df['order_date'] <= '2021-09-15')]The resulting DataFrame, df_filtered, will show orders that satisfy all conditions:
order_id product quantity order_date
1 102 banana 15 2021-09-14
2 103 orange 20 2021-09-15Filtering a DataFrame Based on Conditions using ‘Or’ Operator
To combine multiple conditions using the ‘Or’ operator, we use ‘|’ or ‘or’ operator to combine them. For instance, consider the customer orders DataFrame with an additional condition that we want to filter orders for products either ‘banana’ or ‘orange’ and order date outside 15th-20th September.
df_filtered = df[((df['product'] == 'banana') | (df['product'] == 'orange')) | ((df['order_date'] >= '2021-09-20') | (df['order_date'] <= '2021-09-15'))]The resulting DataFrame, df_filtered, will show orders that satisfy either of the conditions:
order_id product quantity order_date
0 101 apple 5 2021-09-12
1 102 banana 15 2021-09-14
2 103 orange 20 2021-09-15
3 104 pear 10 2021-09-19Filtering a DataFrame Based on Conditions using List of Conditions
Another way to filter the DataFrame using conditions is to pass a list of conditions to the DataFrame. We can use the isin() method to filter a DataFrame based on a list of values in a column.
For instance, let us consider the customer orders DataFrame but filter products with banana or apple in them.
df_filtered = df[df['product'].isin(['banana', 'apple'])]The resulting DataFrame, df_filtered, will show orders for products with either ‘banana’ or ‘apple’:
order_id product quantity order_date
0 101 apple 5 2021-09-12
1 102 banana 15 2021-09-14
4 105 banana 25 2021-09-11Conclusion
Filtering a Pandas DataFrame based on column values, and multiple conditions serves as a step in the ETL process, Data Cleaning, or Data Analysis, amongst others. The appropriate selection of the right filtering technique to suitable data ensures efficient use of results obtained for further manipulation.
Using multiple conditions and Boolean operators, DataFrame filtering in Pandas offers exciting and powerful features to work with data efficiently. Filtering a Pandas DataFrame based on column values or multiple conditions is crucial for efficient data manipulation and analysis.
Using Boolean operators ‘And’ and ‘Or’ or passing a list of conditions offers powerful means to filter a DataFrame and extract targeted data with ease. Filtering enables users to allocate adequate attention to subsets of data, enabling sound decision-making based on reliable results.
The key takeaway is that the application of the correct filtering technique saves time, maximizing the value of data analyses. Therefore, a good understanding of DataFrame filtering in Pandas is a valuable asset to any data professional.